图1. Fabrication of SiC/Fe₃Si@rGO CA.

图2. (a) Thermogravimetric–differential thermal analysis curves of the precursor nanofibers. (b) XRD patterns of the SiC and SiC/Fe₃Si nanofibers.

图3. (a) SEM image of SiC. (b) SEM and (c) high-resolution SEM images of SiC/Fe₃Si nanofibers. (d) SEM image and corresponding elemental maps for a single SiC/Fe₃Si nanofiber. (e) TEM and (f, g) high-resolution TEM images of a SiC/Fe₃Si nanofiber.

图4. (a) Raman spectra of SiC and SiC/Fe₃Si nanofibers. (b) XPS survey spectrum of the SiC/Fe₃Si nanofibers and corresponding high-resolution spectra of (c) C 1s, (d) Si 2p, (e) O 1s, and (f) Fe 2p.

图5. SEM images of (a) SiC NA, (b) SiC/Fe₃Si NA, and (c, d) SiC/Fe₃Si@rGO CA. The inset in Fig. 5c shows an optical photograph of SiC/Fe₃Si@rGO CA standing on a dandelion.

图6. N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms and pore size distributions of (a) SiC/Fe₃Si NA and (b) SiC/Fe₃Si@rGO CA. (c) Specific surface area and average pore diameter of SiC/Fe₃Si NA and SiC/Fe₃Si@rGO CA. (d) Compressive stress–compressive strain of SiC/Fe₃Si@rGO CA.

图7. 3D RL and corresponding two-dimensional RL plots for (a₁, a₂) SiC CA, (b₁, b₂) SiC/Fe₃Si NA, and SiC/Fe₃Si@rGO CA. (d) Variations in RL with the frequency and thickness of SiC/Fe₃Si@rGO CA. (e) Relationship between simulated thickness and peak RL at representative frequencies. (f) Frequency- and thickness-dependent impedance matching characteristics.

图8. Schematic of the EMW attenuation mechanism in SiC/Fe₃Si@rGO CA.

总而言之，我们通过将电纺丝与冰模板法相结合，成功制备了分级多孔SiC/Fe₃Si@rGO复合材料，并系统地研究了其结构特征和电磁波吸收性能。结果表明，材料内部丰富的异质界面和分级多孔结构共同增强了界面极化和偶极子弛豫。与此同时，Fe₃Si磁性相引入了包括自然共振和交换共振在内的磁损耗机制，而石墨烯的掺入进一步优化了导电网络并改善了阻抗匹配。所制备的SiC/Fe₃Si@rGO CA在3.0 mm的匹配厚度下实现了−46.68 dB的最小反射损耗（RLmin）。更重要的是，在1.5–5 mm的宽厚度范围内，该材料在整个4–18 GHz频段内均保持有效吸收（RL < −10 dB），有效覆盖C、X和Ku波段。这不仅证明了其强大的吸收能力，还表明仅需调整匹配厚度即可实现吸收带的可调性。此外，雷达截面积（RCS）仿真结果证实，该材料在宽广的入射角范围内具有优异的雷达波衰减性能。总体而言，本研究为构建轻量化、高效率电磁波吸收材料提供了合理的组件与结构设计策略。

文献：

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121765